| Aerial |
To be free of contact with a person or the performing surface. |
| Aerial Tumbling |
An aerial maneuver involving hip-over-head rotation in which a person uses their body and the performing surface to propel himself/herself away from the performing surface. |
| Arch |
A body position achieved with a slightly curved total body shape with the knees and hips fully extended with the back in a position of slightly hyperextension (chest rounded forward) and arms positioned directly overhead. |
| Assisted Tumbling |
Any form of physical assistance to an individual performing a tumbling skill. This does not apply to gymnastic oriented stunts. |
| Awesome |
An extended stunt where a partner has both feet together in the hand(s) of the base(s). Also referred to as “Cupie” |
| Back Bend |
A body position with an high degree of bending with an arched back and stretched shoulders where the hands and feet are on the floor. |
| Back Handspring |
See “Backward Handspring” |
| Back Somersault |
See “Forward Somersault” |
| Back Tuck |
An aerial body position that is achieved by a hip-over-head rotation where one rotates backward through an inverted position by lifting the hips over the head and shoulders and assuming a tuck position. |
| Backward Handspring |
A non-aerial tumbling skill where one takes off from one or two feet, jumps backward onto the hands and lands on the feet. |
| Backward Roll |
A non-aerial tumbling skill where one rotates backward into/or through an inverted position by lifting the hips over the head and shoulders while curving the spine to create a motion similar to a ball “rolling” across the floor. |
| Backward Somersault |
An aerial tumbling skill that usually begins with taking off two feet to rotate hip over head, then lands again on the feet. Also referred to as “Back Somersault”. |
| Backward Walkover |
A non-aerial tumbling skill where one moves backward into an arched position, with the hands making contact with the ground first, then rotates the hips over the head and lands on one foot/leg at a time. |
| Base |
A person with at least one foot on the floor who is in direct weight-bearing contact with the performing surface and provides primary support for another person. The person(s) that holds, lifts or tosses a top person into a stunt. |
| Basket Toss |
A toss with no more than 4 bases, 2 of which use their hands to interlock wrists. |
| Block |
A rapid rebounding off of the floor with the arms. The block comes from the shoulders exploding towards extension. |
| Brace |
A physical connection providing stability to a top person without having weight-bearing contact. The stunt could remain stable without a brace. |
| Braced Flip |
A stunt in which a top person performs a hip-over-head rotation while in constant physical contact with another top person(s). |
| Cartwheel |
A non-aerial gymnastic skill where one supports the weight of the body with the arm(s) while rotating sideways through an inverted position landing on one foot at a time. |
| Catcher |
One of the person(s) responsible for the safe landing of a top person during a stunt. |
| Chair |
A stunt in which the flyer is in a sitting position on the fully extended hand(s) of the base(s). |
| Cheer |
A cheer always includes words for the crowd to yell and normally begins with a Captain’s “Ready” or “1, 2, 3, 4!” Example: Ready, Ok!...or 1, 2, 3, 4! Singapore yell Go! Go! Singapore yell Fight! Fight! Singapore yell Win! Win! Put it all together now Go! Fight! Win! |
| Connected Tumbling |
Physical contact between to or more individuals performing tumbling skills simultaneously. |
| Cradle |
Catcher(s), with palms up, catches a flyer by placing one arm under the back and the other under the thighs of the flyer. The flyer must land in a pike position. |
| Cupie |
See “Awesome” |
| Dead Man Lift |
Stunt in which the flyer is in a layout position, supported away from the ground level by one or more bases. |
| Diamond Head |
A hanging pyramid in which two flyers are supported away from the ground level by holding onto the arms of a third flyer in a shoulder stand. The shoulder stand base supports the two suspended flyers with his/her arms. |
| Dismount |
The process of leaving or finishing a stunt, pyramid or release onto the performing surface or into a cradle. |
| Dive Roll |
An aerial forward roll where the hands and feet are off of the performing surface simultaneously. |
| Double-Based Stunt |
A stunt having 2 bases not including the spotter. |
| Double Cartwheel |
Two partners performing cartwheel(s) while holding each others’ thighs, waist, etc. |
| Downward Inversion |
A stunt or pyramid in which an inverted top person’s center of gravity is moving toward the performing surface. |
| Drop |
Dropping to the knee, thigh, seat, front, back or split position onto the performing surface from a jump, stand or inverted position without first bearing most of the weight on the hands/feet which breaks the impact of the drop. |
| Extended Stunt |
A stunt which the entire body of the top person is supported in an upright position by the bases(s)’ arm(s) fully extended above the head. Examples of stunts that are not considered “extended stunts”: Chairs, torches, flat backs, arm-n-arms and straddle lifts. These are stunts where the bases arms are extended overhead, but are NOT considered to be “extended stunts” since the height of the body of the top person is similar to a prep level stunt. Clarification: If the primary bases go to their knees and extend their arms, the stunt would be considered extended. |
| Flat Back |
A stunt in which the top person is lying horizontal and is usually supported by two or more bases. |
| Flip |
An aerial skill that involves hip-over-head rotation without contact with the performing surface as the body passes through the inverted position. The acrobatic movement can be done forward, backward or sideward. |
| Flipping Toss |
A toss where the top person rotates through an inverted position. |
| Fly-Over Back Flip |
A basket toss or multi-based toss with and backward flip that is cradled by a new set of bases. |
| Fly-Over Toss |
A basket toss or multi-based toss that travels and is cradled by a new set of bases. |
| Flyer |
The person(s) on top of a stunt or toss. Also referred to as the “Top Person”. |
| Forward Handspring |
An aerial front tumbling skill that rotates 360 degrees from feet to hands to feet again with a strong shoulder block and straight arms and legs. Front handsprings can be stepped out or landed on two feet. Also referred to as “Front Handspring” |
| Forward Roll |
A non-aerial tumbling skill where one rotates forward through an inverted position by lifting the hips over the head and shoulders while curving the spine to create a motion similar to a ball “rolling” across the floor. |
| Forward Walkover |
A non-aerial tumbling where one into a split handstand and continues to walk over and step out onto the feet. |
| Front Drop |
Dropping to the performing surface in a stomach down position. |
| Front Handspring |
See “Forward Handspring” |
| Front Limber |
A non-aerial tumbling skill where one rotates forward through an inverted position to a non-inverted position by arching the legs and hips over the head and down to the performing surface landing both feet/legs at the same time. |
| Front Tuck |
An aerial tumbling skill in which the tumbler generates momentum upward to perform a forward flip. |
| Front Walkover |
See “Forward Walkover” |
| Full |
A 360 degree twisting rotation. |
| Ground Level |
To be at the height of or supported by the performing surface. |
| Half High |
Refer to “High” |
| Handstand |
An inverted gymnastic control skill performed by supporting the body on both hands, with the arms straight and the body vertical. |
| Hanging Pyramid |
A pyramid in which one or more persons are suspended off the performing surface by one or more top persons. Hanging pyramids must remain upright. |
| Helicopter Toss |
A stunt where a top person in a horizontal position is tossed to rotate around a vertical axis (like helicopter blades) before being caught by original bases. |
| High |
A unit used to express the height of pyramids and stunts. One High – Height of one person standing straight Half (0.5) High – Half the height of one person standing straight As height increases, the skill is expressed one and a half (1.5) – two (2) – two and a half (2.5) high. |
| Inverted Position |
A body position where the person’s head and shoulders is below his/her waist. Arch-back dismounts to a cradle are not considered inverted. |
| Jump |
An airborne position not involving hip-over-head rotation created by using one’s own feet and lower body power to push off the performance surface (bending the legs and pushing). |
| Layout |
A stretched body position with neither the hips nor legs bent, straight, hollow, or slightly arched. |
| Layer |
A unit used to express the number of layers there is to a stunt or pyramid. One Layer – A person standing with at least one foot stationed on the performing surface. 2 Layers – A stunt with flyer(s) having more than half of their weight on the 1st layer. 3 Layers – A stunt with flyer(s) having more than half of their weight on the 2nd layer. |
| Leg Pitch Flip |
A single or multi-based toss in which the base(s) push upward on a single foot or leg of the partner to increase the partner’s height (often resulting in a hip over head rotation/flip). |
| Log Roll |
A partner in a horizontal position is tossed, the rotation parallel to the performing surface (twists) before being caught by the original bases. |
| Mount |
See “Stunt” |
| Multi-Based Stunt |
A stunt having 2 or more bases not including the spotter. |
| Needle |
An inverted stunt position where the partner extends one leg vertically while pulling their body down to the supported leg. The head of the partner is below waist level. |
| One-Arm Stunt |
Any extend single-based stunt in which one arm of the base has primary support of the partner. |
| One and a Half (1½) High Pyramid |
See “High” |
| Partner Stunt |
Any skill in which only one top person is supported above the performance surface by one or more persons. |
| Pike |
A body position with the body bent forward at the hips with the legs kept straight. |
| Pop |
A controlled pushing motion upward by a base(s) to increase the height of the partner or to release the partner to a cradle catch or dismount directly to the cheering surface. |
| Prep Level |
The height of the bases hands and at least one foot of the top person are at shoulder-level (also known as shoulder-height). Chairs, torches, flat backs, arm-n-arms and straddle lifts will be considered prep level stunts. |
| Primary Support |
Supporting a majority of the weight of the top person. |
| Prone |
A body position with the front of the body facing the floor (face down), body straight. |
| Punch |
A gymnastic term referring to an airborne position not involving hip-over-head rotation created by using one’s own feet and lower body power to bounce off the performance surface from a tumbling skill. It involves an almost perfectly straight leg quick plyometric movement as opposed to a jump (bending the legs and pushing). |
| Pyramid |
A grouping of multiple stunts that may or may not be connected to create a visual effect. Individuals standing at ground level may be incorporated into the grouping. |
| Rebound |
See “Punch” |
| Regrab |
Landing from a multi-based toss in a new toss, stunt, or any position other than a dismount. |
| Release |
See “Aerial” |
| Roll-Up |
A stunt in which a flyer starts lying down or seated on the cheering surface performs an assisted forward/back roll which transitions up into a stunt. The flyer goes through an inverted position before finishing the roll-up. |
| Rotation |
The circular motion around an axis of the body. |
| Round Off |
A non-aerial tumbling skill similar to a cartwheel but landing on both feet at the same time to the performing surface. |
| Second Level |
A person being supported by one or more person(s) in contact with the ground and beneath the top person in a stunt. |
| Sequence |
Two or more tumbling skills which are performed together creating a different combination skill. |
| Sideline |
A repetition of short phrases. Example: Singapore Singapore All the Way! Singapore Singapore All the Way! |
| Single-Based Stunt |
A stunt using a single base for support. |
| Somersaults |
See “Flip” |
| Suspended Flip |
A stunt in which a top person performs a hip over head rotation while in constant physical contact with a person(s) who is in direct weight bearing contact with the performing surface. Also referred to as a “Suspended Roll” |
| Suspended Roll |
See “Suspended Flip” |
| Split |
Any front or sideward body position in which the legs are extended apart as far as possible in opposite directions with the ideal angle of the legs being 180 degrees or more apart. |
| Split Catch |
A stunt in which a flyer is in a Spread Eagle position, supported off the performing surface by the base(s) on the thighs (not to be confused with Straddle lift or Suspended Split). Single-based Split catches are prohibited. |
| Spotted Tumbling |
See “Assisted Tumbling” |
| Spotter |
A person whose primary responsibility is the protection of the head and shoulders area of a top person during the performance of a stunt/toss and may help control the building of, or dismounting from a stunt/toss. The spotter shall not provide primary support for the stunt, meaning the stunt or pyramid would remain stable without the spotter(s). The spotter must be in direct contact with the performing surface and shall be positioned to the side, back or front of the stunt/toss. The spotter must be in the proper position to prevent injuries and does not have to be in direct contact with the stunt. The spotter’s torso cannot be under a stunt. An inattentive person(s) whose mobility or whose visions of the stunt is blocked are not considered a spotter. A spotter is required for all extended stunts. |
| Stunt |
Any skill in which a top person is supported above the performance surface by one or more persons. Also referred to as a “Mount.” |
| Sweep |
A controlled pushing forward motion by a base(s) to release a partner to a cradle catch. |
| Tension Drop |
A pyramid/stunt in which the base(s) and top(s) lean in formation until the top person(s) leave the base(s) without assistance. Also referred to as “Tension Roll” |
| Tension Roll |
See “Tension Drop” |
| Three Layer Pyramid |
See “Layer” |
| Toe Pitch Flip |
See “Leg Pitch Flip” |
| Top Person |
The person(s) on top of a stunt or toss. Also referred to as the “Flyer” |
| Torch |
A stunt position in which the partner is standing on one foot with the lower part of her body turn to one side, while the upper part of the partner’s body remains turned to the front (performed at shoulder level). |
| Toss |
An aerial stunt where base(s) execute throwing motion from waist level to increase height of top person. Top person becomes free from all bases. Top person is free from performing surface when toss is initiated (example: basket toss or sponge toss). Note: Toss to hands, toss to extended stunts and toss chair are NOT included in this category. |
| Transitional Pyramid |
A top person moving from one stunt to another. The transition may involve changing bases, however at least one person at prep level or below must maintain constant contact with the top person. |
| Transitional Stunt |
Top person or top persons moving from one stunt to another thereby changing the configuration of the beginning stunt. |
| Tuck |
A body position in which the knees and hips are bent and drawn into the chest. The hands may or may not grasp the legs. |
| Tumbling |
Any gymnastic or acrobatic skill executed on the performing surface. |
| Twist |
The rotation about the body’s longitudinal, or vertical, axis (the axis that runs from head to toes) while airborne. |
| Twisting Toss |
Any type of toss that involves the top person rotating at least 1/4 rotation around the vertical axis of the body. |
| Two High Pyramid |
See “High” |
| Two and a Half (2½) High Pyramid |
See “High” |
| Two Layer Pyramid |
See “Layer” |
| Vertical Axis of a Stunt |
The up and down direction of a top person with a stationary stunt group during stunts and pyramids. |
